Кафедра Технічна механіка ДІІТ ( з 2022 року утворена шляхом з'єднання кафедри Прикладна механіка ІПБТ та кафедри Теоретична та будівельна механіка ДІІТ)

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UKR: Кафедра Технічна механіка ДІІТ
ENG: Department of Technical Mechanics of DIIT

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Algorithm for Choosing a Cost-Effective Tourist Railway Route
(Printing House “Technologija”, Kaunas, Lithuania, 2024) Martseniuk, Larysa V.; Severino, Alessandro; Keršys, Robertas; Neduzha, Larysa
ENG: Railway transport is one of the most competitive modes of transport. To provide high-quality transportation for passengers, railways require various types of resources, particularly, financial ones. A significant part of the financial resources of railways can also be obtained from tourist activities. Therefore, the article presents an algorithm for choosing a cost-effective tourist route by railway transport. Thanks to the algorithm, it is possible to ensure the maximum net present value with the established system of requirements for railway activity.
Asphalt Pavement Damage Detection through Deep Learning Technique and Cost-Effective Equipment: a Case Study in Urban Roads Crossed by Tramway Lines
(MDPI, 2024) Guerrieri, Marco; Parla, Giuseppe; Khanmohamadi, Masoud; Neduzha, Larysa
ENG: Asphalt pavements are subject to regular inspection and maintenance activities over time. Many techniques have been suggested to evaluate pavement surface conditions, but most of these are either labour-intensive tasks or require costly instruments. This article describes a robust intelligent pavement distress inspection system that uses cost-effective equipment and the ‘you only look once’ detection algorithm (YOLOv3). A dataset for flexible pavement distress detection with around 13,135 images and 30,989 bounding boxes of damage was used during the neural network training, calibration, and validation phases. During the testing phase, the model achieved a mean average precision of up to 80%, depending on the type of pavement distress. The performance metrics (loss, precision, recall, and RMSE) that were applied to estimate the object detection accuracy demonstrate that the technique can distinguish between different types of asphalt pavement damage with remarkable accuracy and precision. Moreover, the confusion matrix obtained in the validation process shows a distress classification sensitivity of up to 98.7%. The suggested technique was successfully implemented in an inspection car. Measurements conducted on urban roads crossed by tramway lines in the city of Palermo proved the real-time ability and great efficacy of the detection system, with potentially remarkable advances in asphalt pavement examination efficacy due to the high rates of correct distress detection.
Calculation and Analytical Method for Determining the Force Parameters of a Crank-Slider Mechanism (Message 2. Kinetostatics)
(National Metallurgical Academy of Ukraine, Dnipro, 2023) Dobrov, Ihor V.; Semichev, Andrii V.; Pavlenko, O. M.
ENG: The purpose of the work is to develop an algorithm and a program for calculating the power parameters of the crank-slider mechanism, taking into account the proven in practice and well -recommended: analytical method of calculating the kinematics of the slider and the graph-analytical method of calculating the power parameters of the crank-slider mechanism. Research results. The new calculation method and an algorithm for determining the force parameters of the crank-slider mechanism. Scientific novelty. The new method for the analysis of force parameters of a crank –slider mechanism, which differs from the existing methods of graph-analytical and analytical methods by the use of a new calculation-analytical method of determining the linear and angular accelerations of each link of the mechanism for solving the kinetostatic equations of the mechanism as a whole. Practical value. The created algorithm makes it possible to perform a preliminary assessment of the force parameters of mechanisms and aggregates using crank-slider mechanisms at the stage of technological design, technical and economic calculation of new aggregates or modernization of existing equipment when changing technological regimes related with the production of modern competitive products, in particular, for the production of seamless pipes on mills with rollers for cold rolling of pipes.
Development Genesis of Functional Safety on the Example of an Element of the Railways Infrastructure Subsystem
(Springer, 2024) Bondarenko, Iryna; Neduzha, Larysa
ENG: The degree of protection against the danger arises as a result of incorrect (unforeseen by the developers) operation of a technical object is determined by the issues of functional safety, which have acquired the greatest relevance in this period of human development and have become the object of research. Authors consider the problems of functional safety of dynamic systems on the example of an element of the railway infrastructure subsystem – a railway track. It is shown that an attempt to create a single universal system for classifying tracks, considering the satisfaction of heterogeneous requirements to ensure the conditions for interoperability of various railway systems, is unrealistic in the current circumstances. The missing components for the classification system of the railway track structure operability are considered. An analysis of the historical understanding of various processes in relation to real-time is given. The main direction for improving the quality of the functional safety of a railway track is formulated – the need to combine the theory of elasticity with new theories that change the approaches to studying time-varying processes from quasi-dynamic to dynamic.
An Estimation of the Energy Savings of a Mainline Diesel Locomotive Equipped with an Energy Storage Device
(MDPI, Basel, Switzerland, 2024) Riabov, Ievgen; Goolak, Sergey; Neduzha, Larysa
ENG: The method of improving a two-section mainline diesel locomotive by using energy storage in the traction system is considered. A mathematical model was developed to study the movement of a diesel locomotive based on the recommendations and provisions of the theory of locomotive traction. For this purpose, the movement of a diesel locomotive as part of a train along a given section of a track was studied. It was determined that the use of an energy storage device on a diesel locomotive will allow up to 64% of the energy spent on train traction to accumulate. The use of energy storage in the accumulator during electrodynamic braking ensured a reduction in fuel consumption by about 50%, regardless of the options for equipping the traction system of the diesel locomotive with an energy accumulator. It is established that regardless of the options for equipping the traction system of the diesel locomotive with an energy storage device, the indicators characterizing the degree of use of the diesel engine do not change. These research results can be used in works devoted to the improvement of the control system of energy exchange between the accumulator and traction engines of diesel locomotives.
Innovative Trends in Railway Condition Monitoring
(ELSEVIER B. V., 2024) Bondarenko, Iryna; Lukoševičius, Vaidas; Keršys, Robertas; Neduzha, Larysa
ENG: Provision of functional safety of a railway track requires complementing the existing system of assessment of the railway track condition with the stress-strain behaviour assessment of the rail substructure, i.e. the assessment of the effect of track structure elasticity on the change of its geometric parameters during rolling stock passage over time. There is a lack of available theoretical and practical information about any pivotal changes in this field of science. The subject of the study is the in-situ elasticity indicators of a railway track and geometric monitoring indicators of railway structure condition or similar indicators obtained by numerical processing of data provided by the measuring systems of a track recording car and enabling the determination of change of irregularity parameters over time taking into account of the tonnage passed. The outcome of the investigation is the proposed approach to the development of an unparalleled diagnostic loading system which has been the missing part of the “puzzle” in the existing system of integrated assessment of the technical condition of a railway track.
Investigation of Dynamic Processes of Rolling Stock–Track Interaction: Experimental Realization
(MDPI, 2023) Bondarenko, Iryna; Lukoševičius, Vaidas; Keršys, Robertas; Neduzha, Larysa
ENG: The dynamic process of the railway track–rolling stock interaction is characterized by timedependent dynamics that are determined by both the varying characteristics of the interaction objects and the varying climatic conditions. This study investigated the effect of different groups of influence on the dynamic process, with a view towards the reduction of the cases of randomness during the registration of the process in experiments and an expansion of the understanding of the processes happening during the assessment of the registered data. The static nature of the rolling stock has been demonstrated to be not uniform and to influence the scattering of dynamic values under the variation of vertical and horizontal forces due to the characteristics of a rolling stock. The position of the rolling stock truck relative to the track axis during the movement of the rolling stock has been shown to enhance static non-uniformity. The results of the longitudinal force measurements under the three-point and Schlumpf methods have suggested that it is necessary to investigate the process of rail warping under the action of the rolling stock wheels. To enhance the output of the experiments, it is proposed to consider not only the stiffness of the basis of the oscillatory processes that imitate the physical process of oscillation of the system elements by means of the oscillation amplitude, but also the time of response to the oscillation process by using and assessing the triggering time rather than the frequencies of the oscillation processes.
Load Control Operational Correction of a Blast Furnace Based on the Correlation Models
(Croatian Metallurgical Society (CMS), Zagreb, Croatia, 2024) Shvachych, G.; Mamuzich, I.; Selegej, A. M.; Мoroz, B.; Kadylnykova, T.; Pobochii, Ivan A.; Мoroz, D.; Friman, Y.
ENG: The paper uses regression analysis to research the movement dynamics of charge materials along the paths of a blast furnace coneless loader device. The research’s main goal is to consider two main factors when optimizing the loading process of the blast furnace - the opening degree of the charge shutter of the loading device hopper and the inclination angle of the distribution tray. That approach allows the optimization of the loading impact, taking into account the current change in the granulometric parameters of the blast furnace charge. A model for determining the dynamic parameters of the charge flow in the case of its movement along the paths of the blast furnace coneless loading device has been developed.
Mathematical Мodeling of the Second Stage of Spring Suspension of High-Speed Rolling Stock
(American Institute of Physics, AIP Conference Proceedings, 2023) Kuzyshyn, Andriy; Sobolevska, Julia H.; Kostritsa, Sergei A.; Batig, Andriy V.; Boiarko, Vladyslav
ENG: The authors of the article used a thermodynamic model of an air spring with an additional reservoir to simulate the second stage of spring suspension of high-speed rolling stock. In this model, the pressure in the air spring was determined by the differential form of the ideal gas equation of state. Since the air spring is connected to an additional reservoir by means of a pipeline, the equation took into account the change in air mass due to its overflow. When determining the mass flow rate, the flow was considered turbulent, which provided for finding the appropriate Reynolds number and head losses, which consisted of three components: friction, compression and expansion losses. The law of conservation of energy was considered taking into account the heat transfer between the air spring and the environment, as well as the transfer of energy between the air spring and the auxiliary reservoir. Using a simplified mechanical model of high-speed rolling stock, the dependence of the force with which the air springs acts on the elements of the rollingstock on its deformation was obtained, and energy dissipation when changing the parameters of the connecting element was investigated. Using of the selected thermodynamic model of the air spring in the spatial model of high-speed rollingstock will further allow assessing its dynamic performance when interacting with the railway track, traffic safety indicators and choosing the optimal parameters of the rolling stock and railway track at the design stage.
Modeling the Dynamism of Complex Dynamic Systems Using the Universal Laws of the Wave Theory
(KTU leidykla „Technologija“, Kaunas, Lithuania, 2023) Bondarenko, Iryna; Keršys, Robertas; Neduzha, Larysa
ENG: The knowledge that mechanical and electromagnetic waves transfer energy from the source of influence became the basis for modeling the dynamism of complex dynamic systems. The paper shows the possibility of using the universal laws of wave theory for modeling the dynamism of complex dynamic systems. The property of waves to transfer the action function over time and space made it possible to construct oscillations of any point in space, taking into account the time it takes the waves to reach this point. The universal laws of wave propagation in various mediums formed the basis for describing the process of wave propagation within complex dynamic systems. It is shown that the dissipation is caused by the inhomogeneity of the change in energy inside the object during the propagation of waves by taking into account two factors: a decrease in the amplitude with distance from the source and features of the geometry of the object. This approach allows expanding the scope of modeling associated with determining the state of motion, the course of development, and changes in any phenomenon under the influence of external or internal factors (“driving forces”) in complex dynamic systems, taking into account the uniqueness of these systems.
Novel ‘Closed’-System Approach for Monitoring the Technical Condition of Railway Tracks
(MDPI, Basel, Switzerland, 2024) Bondarenko, Iryna; Lukoševičius, Vaidas; Neduzha, Larysa
ENG: Assessing the technical condition of a railway track throughout its service life is crucial to ensuring functional safety. However, it is important to note that current approaches have theoretical and practical gaps that require attention. The purpose of this study is to discuss the reconceptualization of an integrated approach to assess changes in the technical condition of railway tracks caused by rolling stock over their service life. Improving existing systems for assessing the condition of the track can be achieved by modifying the model concept and, subsequently, the measurement and assessment procedures. This paper presents an alternative method for addressing technical issues related to the monitoring and diagnosis of railway tracks, with a particular focus on natural phenomena: energy transfer by elastic waves. The primary aim of this work is to propose an approach for designing a ‘closed’ measurement system that enables tracking of the cause-and-effect relationship. This system takes into account both the elastic dissipative characteristics of the track–rolling stock interaction and the influence of the dynamics of various components in the ‘train-track’ system.
Predictive Model of Risks in Railroad Transport when Diagnosing Axle Boxes of Freight Wagons
(SAGE Publishing, 2023) Muradian, Leontii A.; Pitsenko, Iryna; Shaposhnyk, Vladyslav Yu.; Shvets, Angela O.; Shvets, Anzhelika O.
ENG: This article presents a mathematical model of the risk of failures, depending on the operating parameters, of locomotive diesel engines. The purpose of this study is to determine the risk of failures of locomotive diesel engines in maintenance. The theory of probability and the theory of logic and reliability are used in this theoretical study. The innovations and main works are the first approaches to calculating the risk of failures of locomotive diesel engines by hourly fuel consumption, which, under operational conditions, allows for extending the life of locomotive diesel engines during maintenance. As a result, a maintenance process for 5D49 diesel engines is developed in a locomotive depot. When managing the maintenance processes of 5D49 diesel engines in the locomotive depot, it is determined that the optimal mileage is 45,000 km. The resource of 5D49 diesel engines in the locomotive depot increased by 2.4% in the management of the maintenance process compared to the existing maintenance system.
Research of the Characteristics of an Air Spring under Cyclic Load
(IOP Conference, 2023) Kuzyshyn, Andriy; Sobolevska, Julia H.; Kostritsa, Sergei A.; Voznyak, Oleh M.
ENG: The dynamic stiffness, energy dissipation per cycle and the damping coefficient of the air spring of the second stage of spring suspension of high-speed rolling stock are investigated on the basis of a simplified mathematical model. The studies were carried out in the frequency range from 0 to 15 Hz. To determine the parameters of the air spring, its power characteristic was built, the area that characterizes the energy dissipation of the system per cycle. Based on the constructed characteristics, the damping coefficient and air spring stiffness during compression and expansion were determined. The influence of the frequency of the disturbing force and the diameter of the connecting element on the investigated parameters was studied. The obtained ratios of quantities would be made it possible to optimize the parameters of spring suspension of high-speed rolling stock from the point of view of ensuring admissible dynamic performance and traffic safety indicators.
Research on the Resource in the "Wheel-Rail" Pair during the Life Cycle of Traction Rolling Stock
(Printing House “Technologija”, Kaunas, Lithuania, 2024) Yagoda, D.; Babyak, Mykola O.; Keršys, Robertas; Neduzha, Larysa
ENG: The wear of wheelset bandages largely depends on the shape of the rolling surface. Therefore, the choice of a rational bandage profile is of great importance. At the same time, both technical and economic indicators are taken into consideration. The choice of rationality criteria should be justified and based on statistical regularities of bandage wear and peculiarities of traction rolling stock operation. Researching the resource in the "wheel-rail" pair (considering operational and technological bandage wear) will allow more effective planning of financial costs for the operation and repair of traction rolling stock during its life cycle.
Security Risk Assessment at Transport Infrastructure Facilities
(KTU leidykla „Technologija“, Kaunas, Lithuania, 2023) Yanhulova, Olga; Keršys, Robertas; Neduzha, Larysa
ENG: To effectively analyze the variety of risks in transport, it is necessary to apply a set of methods. Which, in turn, confirms the relevance of a comprehensive risk management mechanism. The use of the considered methodology will increase the objectivity of the assessment of both the expenses associated with ensuring security and the effects of its increase. Thus, the proposed approach can be adapted to optimize transport facilities by assessing functional safety at the stage of their modeling/operation.
Simulation of Braking Processes in Freight Trains
(KTU leidykla „Technologija“, Kaunas, Lithuania, 2022) Ursulyak, Liudmyla V.; Zheleznov, Konstantine I.
ENG: The article presents the results of theoretical research of the processes occurring in the brake cylinders of freight wagons in trains of different lengths. A detailed analysis of the real time dependences of the forces of pressing the brake pads on the wheel for various braking methods (adjustment, full service and emergency braking), which were obtained during experiments with freight trains of different lengths, was carried out. Based on the analysis performed, approximating expressions for brake pad pressure diagrams on the wheel are proposed, which can be used to estimate the longitudinal dynamics of trains using mathematical modeling in real or accelerated time. The above dependencies are especially relevant when a train is controlled using a special onboard computer system. In this case, it is necessary to quickly estimate to what results, from the point of view of traffic safety and achievement of the control goal, the implemented control modes will lead to.
Springs of Variable Stiffness in the Control of Seismic Actions in Buildings
(University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, 2023) Wahrhaftig, Alexandre de Macêdo; Dantas, Julia; Menezes, Cibele; Neduzha, Larysa
ENG: Many regions in the world have experienced the presence of intensive geological events. Given this reality, the control of vibrations caused by earthquakes on buildings is one of the great challenges in seismic regions, as they can cause structural, material, and personal damage, and must be considered with special attention when carrying out a structural project. For this reason, it is necessary to minimize the deleterious effects caused by earthquakes on buildings. In this sense, the present study seeks to evaluate, through the theory of mechanical vibrations, the use of springs of variable stiffness in the control of accelerations induced by seismic action, because springs introduce restoring forces in the system. The evaluation is done through numerical-computational simulation using the finite element method. The frame structure of an idealized building is used in the modelling, where columns and beams are represented by linear elements and the floors by shell elements. In the simulation, springs of variable stiffness are inserted into the joints to control the vibrations produced by earthquakes. These devices are added to the structural system at different heights and directions, aiming to keep the structure’s behaviour unchanged, neutralizing the effects of the earthquake. Based on the obtained results, it is possible to verify the required stiffness and the position in which the springs must be inserted to obtain the constancy of the structural frequency of vibration during the earthquake action.
Stability of a Car as a Hinged-Rod System under the Action of Compressive Longitudinal Forces in a Train
(Jomard Publishing, 2022) Shvets, Anzhela
ENG: The work is aimed to study the influence of longitudinal quasi-static compressive forces arising during stationary modes of train movement on the form of freight cars’ instability. The relevance of this study relates to the need to control the longitudinal forces arising during the train movement, taking into account the increase in speeds, masses and lengths of trains, especially freight trains, by in the locomotives power increase. The use of the above methodology will improve the stability of freight rolling stock, justify the cause of derailment, as well as develop and put into practice technical measures to prevent the lift of the carriages, widening and shear of the track.
Stress-Strain Behavior of Railway Embankments Stabilized with Grouted Micropiles
(Published by Elsevier BV, 2024) Tiutkin, Oleksii L.; Autelitano, Federico; Giuliani, Felice; Neduzha, Larysa
ENG: Excessive ballasted track deformations may occur during the railway operations due to poor load bearing capacity of the embankment (placed soil or natural ground) or the manifest accumulation of subsidence caused by the soil consolidation and the passage of trains. The principles of pressure grouting (or jet-grouting) technologies, used to create reinforcement elements for the rail trackbed stabilization, are presented, with reference to the specific construction condition on an existing and in-service railway track. A single-track railway, including the superstructure and substructure components, was modeled using the finite element method (FEM). Some soil stabilization options, based on the installation of grouted micropiles according to different layout configurations, were considered. The results of the numerical analyses, in the form of stress and strain behavior of the whole track structure, demonstrated that the use of jet-grouted micropiles is a rational and less expensive option, which can be installed on or close to the track, having positive effects on limiting the vertical deformations of the embankment without affecting the expected distribution of stress states in the embankment middle.
Аналіз сучасних теоретичних та технологічних методів і обладнання та перспектив розвитку завантаження доменних печей
(НМетАУ, Дніпро, 2022) Селегей, Андрій Миколайович; Іващенко, Валерій Петрович; Безшкуренко, Олексій Георгійович
UKR: Розглянуто сучасний стан аналітичного забезпечення технології доменного виробництва. Проаналізовано основні методики, розроблені провідними науково-конструкторськими організаціями з металургії, що застосовуються для ефективного управління доменною плавкою. Показано, що технологія завантаження доменної печі має вирішальне значення для ефективності отримання чавуну. Обладнання моніторингу сучасних доменних печей дозволяє отримувати широкий спектр інформації, що може бути використана для оперативного ефективного корегування ведення доменної плавки. Використання вказаної інформації надає широкі можливості для забезпечення найраціональніших техніко-економічних показників процесу виплавки чавуну. В зв’язку з цим приділено значну увагу особливостям обладнання та технології для завантаження шихтових матеріалів у піч. Розглянуті основні експлуатаційні характеристики для обладнання доменних печей, що забезпечує завантаження шихтових матеріалів в ракурсі забезпечення раціонального окружного та радіального розподілу шихти на колошнику. Це, в свою чергу, дає змогу дотримуватися заданої програми завантаження та рудних навантажень. Наданий опис способів завантаження за допомогою безконусного завантажувального пристрою лоткового типу. Проаналізований процес руху потоку шихтових матеріалів по трактах безконусного завантажувального пристрою. Окремо розглянуті ділянки направляючих тічок, ділянка руху шихти в колошниковому просторі. Виявлені недоліки та переваги існуючих методик розрахунку динамічних параметрів шихтових матеріалів на відповідних ділянках. Наведений опис послідовності роботи обладнання, що забезпечує завантаження шихтою доменної печі та рекомендації для підвищенню ефективності алгоритмів роботи агрегатів. Окремо розглянуті методики для визначення геометричних та динамічних параметрів руху шихтових матеріалів у разі їх випуску з накопичувальних бункерів завантажувального пристрою доменної печі. Наведені аналітичні залежності для визначення витрати шихтових матеріалів з випускного отвору та швидкості витоку шихти. Розглянутий процес формування стовпа шихти у доменній печі. Серед основних чинників, що впливають на формування необхідного рудного навантаження вдовж радіусу колошника виділено програму завантаження та гранулометричний склад шихтових матеріалів, які постачаються на колошник. Також показано, що найефективнішим завантаженням доменної печі шихтовими матеріалами вважається такий спосіб, при використанні якого забезпечується оптимальне значення рудного навантаження із забезпеченням необхідної газопроникності стовпа шихтових матеріалів. Таким чином визначені основні напрямки ефективного удосконалення технології доменної плавки для забезпечення найкращих техніко-економічних показників та значним зниженням питомої витрати сировини.