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Properties of Railway Wheels Made of Metal with Increased Copper Content
(Printing House “Technologija”, Kaunas, Lithuania, 2024) Proidak, Yurii S.; Chornoivanenko, Kateryna O.; Pikil, O.
ENG: The content of non-ferrous metals and, in particular, copper is limited by numerous standards regulating the chemical composition of steels. Thus, for instance, according to the Ukrainian standard for wheel steel, the residual content of nickel, chromium, and copper should not exceed 0.25% each. According to the international UIC standard, this content should not exceed 0.30% each. The residual copper content according to the Japanese standard is allowed to be not more than 0.35%. Many steelmakers are concerned about the presence of copper due to its red shortness. However, the beneficial effect of Cu on hardenability and transformation kinetics is well-known, enabling the formation of a structure with a high density of dislocations at cooling rates feasible in industrial conditions, thus imparting high initial strength to the matrix. Experimental smelting was conducted in the open-hearth furnaces to obtain 0.15-0.60% of copper in the metal. It was found out that the resistance of slag truck wheels made of metal with increased copper content against the formation of ridge notches, which are the main reason for repairs of these wheels during operation, is significantly higher than that of serial ones.