Антирелігійна політика радянської влади в кінці 20-х – 30-ті роки ХХ сторіччя (на прикладі римо-католиків Дніпропетровська)
Loading...
Date
2021
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Миколаївська обласна організація Національної спілки краєзнавців України
Abstract
UKR: У статті висвітлено умови, в яких існувала Дніпропетровська римо-католицька парафія св. Йосипа в кінці 20-х – 30-ті роки ХХ ст. У цей період влада впроваджувала політику, характерними рисами якої були посилення антирелігійної пропаганди, масове закриття культових споруд, репресії проти католицьких священників і польського населення. Ймовірно, римо-католицька спільнота Дніпропетровська проіснувала довше більшості громад Південної України. Точна дата закриття костелу в обласному центрі, на жаль, невідома, але наведені аргументи дозволяють найбільш вірогідною датою вважати кінець 1936 року. Через відсутність документів немає можливості точно описати механізм закриття названого храму, можна лише «намалювати схему» цього процесу, користуючись документами про ліквідацію костелів в інших містах Півдня та Сходу України. Останній удар по парафії св. Йосипа нанесли репресії 1937 року, в результаті яких вона на певний час припинила своє існування.
ENG: The article highlights conditions of the Dnipropetrovsk Roman Catholic parish of St. Joseph in the late 1920-30’s. During this period, the authorities pursued a policy characterized by increased anti-religious propaganda, mass closure of religious buildings, and repression against Catholic priests and the Polish population. In the late of 1920s and 1930s, the foundations were laid for intensifying repression, and anti-religious propaganda became more systemic. The party tried to convey its ideology to every district, to every workplace and school. Probably, the Roman Catholic community of Dnipropetrovsk lasted longer than most communities in southern Ukraine. The exact date of closing the church in the regional center, unfortunately, is unknown, but the arguments presented in this article allow us to consider the most probable date to be the end of 1936. In absence of documents, it is not possible to accurately describe the mechanism of closing the Roman Catholic church in Dnipropetrovsk, but analysis of documents on closure of other churches revealed that the components of this process were: strong propaganda work of the authorities, including close the temple. During 1929-1933 the procedure of liquidation of churches was simplified. In the second half of 1930s, it may have been further simplified by removing from the campaign procedure among members of national minorities, in this case Poles, who were being repressed. The authorities called the «Catholic counter-revolutionary organization» part of one of the Polish «subversive» organizations, and its «leader» – the rector of the Dnipropetrovsk church V. Skvyretsky. Priest Vincent was shot. Parish of St. Joseph, left without an abbot, without a church, bloodless by repression, ceased to exist for a while.
ENG: The article highlights conditions of the Dnipropetrovsk Roman Catholic parish of St. Joseph in the late 1920-30’s. During this period, the authorities pursued a policy characterized by increased anti-religious propaganda, mass closure of religious buildings, and repression against Catholic priests and the Polish population. In the late of 1920s and 1930s, the foundations were laid for intensifying repression, and anti-religious propaganda became more systemic. The party tried to convey its ideology to every district, to every workplace and school. Probably, the Roman Catholic community of Dnipropetrovsk lasted longer than most communities in southern Ukraine. The exact date of closing the church in the regional center, unfortunately, is unknown, but the arguments presented in this article allow us to consider the most probable date to be the end of 1936. In absence of documents, it is not possible to accurately describe the mechanism of closing the Roman Catholic church in Dnipropetrovsk, but analysis of documents on closure of other churches revealed that the components of this process were: strong propaganda work of the authorities, including close the temple. During 1929-1933 the procedure of liquidation of churches was simplified. In the second half of 1930s, it may have been further simplified by removing from the campaign procedure among members of national minorities, in this case Poles, who were being repressed. The authorities called the «Catholic counter-revolutionary organization» part of one of the Polish «subversive» organizations, and its «leader» – the rector of the Dnipropetrovsk church V. Skvyretsky. Priest Vincent was shot. Parish of St. Joseph, left without an abbot, without a church, bloodless by repression, ceased to exist for a while.
Description
Н. Мосюкова: ORCID 0000-0002-9568-4681
Keywords
римо-католики, Дніпропетровськ, костел, польська національна меншина, репресії, Roman Catholics, Dnipropetrovsk, church, Polish national minority, repressions, КФП
Citation
Мосюкова Н. Г. Антирелігійна політика радянської влади в кінці 20-х – 30-ті роки ХХ сторіччя (на прикладі римо-католиків Дніпропетровська). Старожитності Лукомор'я. 2021. № 4(7). С. 172–183. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33782/2708-4116.2021.4.102.