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Analysis of the Electric Energy Consumption Components for Mine Train Traction
(Dnipro National University of Railway Transport named after Academician V. Lazaryan, 2019) Arpul, Serhii V.; Artemchuk, Viktor V.; Babyak, Mykola O.; Vasilyev, Viacheslav E.; Hetman, Hennadii K.; Marikutsa, Serhii L.
EN: Abstract. The paper considers the issues of reducing the energy intensity of transportation at opencast mining enterprises, the relevance of which has now increased due to the rise in the cost of fuel and energy resources. It presents the study results concerning the cost structure of the electricity consumed by electric mine transport, which form the basis for the development of technical and operational measures to reduce the energy intensity of the transportation process. It is shown that the work to reduce the electricity consumption for mined rock transportation should be aimed at: - Reduction of losses in the power circuits of the traction rolling stock due to the use of more advanced electric rolling stock and regulation of the degree of utilization of the installed traction power; - Introduction of new contact materials for electrical circuits with the lowest possible resistivity, including for current collector plates; - Introduction of measures to reduce energy consumption for power supply of auxiliary circuits; - Development and implementation of rational train control techniques. The introduction of energy-saving measures should include the development and application of effective methods for calculating individual norms of energy consumption and incentives for energy saving of the employees involved in the organization of the transportation process.
Electrodeposition of Nanocrystalline Chromium–Carbon Alloys from Electrolyte Based on Trivalent Chromium Sulfate Using Pulsed Current
(Springer, 2012) Protsenko, Vyacheslav S.; Danilov, Fedor I.; Gordiienko, Victor O.; Baskevich, Alexander S.; Artemchuk, Viktor V.
EN: The effect of pulse parameters on the electrolysis current output, nanocrystals size, composition, hardness, friction coefficient and wear resistance of nanocrystalline coatings Cr-C, obtained from the sulfuric acid-based electrolyte salts Cr (III), comprising urea and formic acid. It is shown that coatings containing ~ 9% (wt.) carbon; current density and duty cycle do not affect the composition blocked. It was found that depending on the current output from the duty cycle when there is a maximum duty cycle ~ 1.05 ... 1.1, where the output current significantly exceeds the value realized in current-mode steady-state. It is shown that if the micro-hardness Cr-C deposits obtained at DC, is close to 850-900 HV, then using a pulsed electrolysis in certain modes may increase the microhardness up to ~ 1200-1300 HV. Found that the use of pulsed electrolysis can significantly reduce the coefficient of friction chrome-carbon cover (with steel counterbody) in conditions of dry friction and under boundary lubrication, and also increases the durability of precipitation.
Electroplating of Wear-Resistant Nanocrystalline Coatings from a Bath Containing Basic Chromium(III) Sulfate (chrome tanning agent)
(Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2013) Danilov, Felix I.; Protsenko, Vyacheslav S.; Gordiienko, Viktor O.; Baskevich, Aleksandr S.; Artemchuk, Viktor V.
ENG: Regularities of the electroplating of chromium–carbon alloy coatings from a bath containing basic chromium(III) sulfate, carbamide, formic acid, sodium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, orthoboric acid, and sodium dodecyl sulfate are studied. Replacement of chromium sulfate as a source of trivalent chromium ions in the solution with basic chromium sulfate (chrome tanning agent) results in a decrease in the current density when metal deposition begins. As a result, the covering power of the bath increases. The effects discovered are determined by changes in the composition of the discharged chromium complexes. A certain excess of OH– groups in the inner sphere of electroactive chromium complexes results in acceleration of electroplat ing. The studied electrolyte based on chrome tanning agent enables one to produce thick high quality nanoc rystalline Cr–C alloy coatings with improved tribological characteristics.
Energy Efficiency Determination of Loading-Back System of Electric Traction Machines
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпропетровськ, 2014) Afanasov, Andriy M.; Drubetskiy, Anton Ye.; Arpul, Serhii V.; Khvorostyankina, А. P.
EN: Purpose. Acceptance post-repair tests of electric traction machines are conducted on loading-back stands that reduce the overall power costs for the tests. Currently a number of possible circuit designs of loading-back systems of electric machines are known, but there is no method of determining their energy efficiency. This in turn makes difficult the choice of rational options. The purpose of the article is the development of the corresponding methodology to make easier this process. Methodology. Expressions for determining the energy efficiency of a stand for testing of electric traction machines were obtained using the generalized scheme analysis of energy transformations in the loading-back systems of universal structure. Findings. The technique was offered and the analytical expressions for determining the energy efficiency of loading-back systems of electric traction machines were obtained. Energy efficiency coefficient of loading-back system is proposed to consider as the ratio of the total action energy of the mechanical and electromotive forces, providing anchors rotation and flow of currents in electric machines, which are being tested, to the total energy, consumed during the test from the external network. Originality. The concept was introduced and the analytical determination method of the energy efficiency of loading-back system in electric traction machines was offered. It differs by efficiency availability of power sources and converters, as well as energy efficiency factors of indirect methods of loss compensation. Practical value. The proposed technique of energy efficiency estimation of a loading-back system can be used in solving the problem of rational options choice of schematics stands decisions for electric traction machines acceptance tests of main line and industrial transport.
Energy Efficiency of Heat Tests for Traction Electric Machines
(IOP Publishing, 2020) Afanasov, Andriy M.; Shapovalov, Oleksandr S.; Holik, Serhii M.; Arpul, Serhii V.; Bilukhin, Dmytro S.
EN: The article discusses one of the options to reduce the electricity consumption for the carry out acceptance of post-repair tests of traction electric machines. Heating tests of traction electric machines at the mutual load stand are the most energy-intensive part of the entire test program. Energy consumption for this type of test can be reduced, for this, an analysis of thermal processes in the windings of traction electric machines during their heating test was given. The energy efficiency coefficient of the mutual load system is formulated. The energy efficiency coefficient for the traction electric machine NB-406 is calculated. The calculation results showed that with an increase in the test current by 30%, the total losses in the motor windings decrease by about one and a half times, while the test time decreases by almost three times. An increase in test current and a decrease in test time do not reduce the quality of the test, and the results obtained. A methodology for assessing the energy efficiency of heating tests is proposed. It can be applied at test sites of depots, as well as repair plants. This will reduce the material costs of testing, without compromising the quality of the tests themselves.
Energy-Efficient and Cost-Effective Methods of Driving Trains under the Conditions of Development of the Electricity Market
(Dnipro National University of Railway Transport named after Academician V. Lazaryan, 2019) Pshynko, Alexander N.; Afanasov, Andriy M.; Kuznetsov, Valeriy; Skalozub, Vladyslav V.; Arpul, Serhii V.; Ivanov, Alexander P.
ENG: Abstract. The article for the first time considers the possibilities for the organization of cost-effective rail transportation on electrified section in terms of the functioning of the Ukrainian balancing electricity market. It is formulated the complex task of choosing effective mechanisms of purchase and sale on the electricity market on the basis of contracts for the implementation of markets "for the day ahead", as well as for the appointment of parameters and tariffs of the intraday market. The authors presented the models and results of calculations of optimum modes of trains’ driving, which are calculated for various criteria of efficiency taking into account the cost of the consumed active and reactive electric energy. The technique of tariff formation for purchase of electricity on the balancing market was proposed.
Feasibility Study for Extending the Rolling Stock Component Life
(Academic Society of Michal Baludansky, Kosice, 2019) Artemchuk, Viktor V.; Krasnov, Roman V.; Karasev, Oleksandr P.
ENG: The article deals with the problem of determining the rational extension of the railway rolling stock component life. It is noted that a key part of the repair development, including on railway transport, is an extended service life of the rolling stock components. Given that a significant proportion of the repair cost is spent for the replacement or repair of worn parts, there is a conclusion that component life must be extended to reduce further repair costs. However, unjustified increase in the service life of all components is not feasible, since the life of individual components may be greater than the life of the entire product. Obviously, it is not expedient to extend the life for all the details, but only that of the most responsible and (or) most worn out, which greatly affect the service life of the assembly or unit as a whole. That is, there is a need to match the life of the entire assembly and individual components. Therefore, in the presented work, theoretical research was carried out to solve the complex task of determining the rational life of rolling stock components taking into account the resource of assemblies and the rolling stock vehicle as a whole. When searching for rational parameters, the durability of components and the factors affecting their life were investigated and the possibilities of various restorative and strengthening technologies were evaluated. The developed approach is flexible and allows for consideration of technological limitations of production, financial constraints and the introduction of life limits for a specific component. Also the article covers the shortcomings of the presented methodology. At the same time it is should be noted that with the development of the diagnostic system, obtaining the necessary data will be less labour intensive and will require less time, and with the development of the necessary software, the accumulation and processing of statistics can be fully automated. In this paper, it is assumed that the presented methodology will make it more attractive to use renewable technologies, save considerable resources and find the necessary restorative or strengthening technology that will bring the life of different components closer to the life of the assembly or mechanism as a whole.
Improving Hardness and Tribological Characteristics of Nanocrystalline Cr-C Films Obtained from Cr(III) Plating Bath Using Pulsed Electrodeposition
(Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc., 2012) Protsenko, Vyacheslav S.; Danilov, Fedor I.; Gordiienko, Victor O.; Baskevich, Alexander S.; Artemchuk, Viktor V.
EN: Effect of pulsed electrodepostion on the nanocrystal size, composition, hardness, coefficient of friction and wear resistance was investigated for the Cr–C electrodeposits obtained from a trivalent chromium bath. The electrodeposits were shown to contain about 9% of carbon. Pulsed electrodeposition does not virtually affect the carbon content. At the same time, an increase in the off time duration leads to a decrease in the nanocrystals size. The hardness and wear parameters of the electrodeposits may be sufficiently improved when using pulsed current. For instance, at ton=toff=1 s, the hardness reaches the values of ~1200÷1300 HV (meanwhile, it is close to 850÷950 HV at a steady-state electrolysis).
Improving the System of Electricity Consumption Rationing
(MATEC Web of Conferences, 2024) Arpul, Serhii V.; Afanasov, Andrii M.; Babyak, Mykola O.; Vasilyev, Viacheslav E.
ENG: The main tool for reducing energy consumption in train traction is the construction of such a system of electricity consumption rationing, which will allow to reliably analyse and forecast energy consumption. This requires the development of a scientifically based system for rationing electricity consumption in train traction and its widespread implementation in locomotive depots. The purpose of the study is to improve the system of technical rationing of electricity consumption by freight trains. To this end, an attempt was made to solve the following tasks: to determine tools for assessing the impact of operational factors on electricity consumption using information from samples of drivers' route sheets by the method of statistical analysis; based on the conducted research, to propose an improved system of technical rationing of energy consumption in freight train traction. The proposed method of technical rationing allows for more accurate calculation of electricity consumption per trip and, as a result, provides a greater incentive effect for saving electricity by locomotive crews.
Increased Controllability of the Distributed Traction System in Emergency Mode
(IEEE, 2020) Sychenko, Viktor G.; Antonov, Andrii V.; Liashuk, Vitalij; Rudevich, Nataliia; Belukhin, Dmitry; Danylov, Oleksiy; Kosariev, Yevhen; Bozhko, Vladimir
EN: The puprose of the work is to improve approaches to the controllability of power consumption in distributed power systems of electric rolling stock using modern technologies and equipment. Unequal energy consumption on the shoulders of the power supply causes additional losses in the system and makes the voltage mode worse on the current collectors of electric locomotives. To increase the controllability of operation modes, is proposed to use feeder volt-additional converters with arcless commutation of short-circuit currents. Using such converters allow to stabilize the voltage on the current collectors of electric locomotives and reduce the switching-off time. Variant calculations using the proposed circuit engineering of traction substations on the simulation model prove that the power losses from the equalizing currents are significantly reduced
A Method for Obtaining a Polymer Composite Based on Aromatic Polyamide and Silicon Dioxide
(University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Bulgaria, 2021) Kabat, Oleh; Sytar, Volodymyr; Heti, Krystyna; Artemchuk, Viktor V.
EN: The method for obtaining polymer composite (PC) based on aromatic polyamide and silicon dioxide was developed, and it consists in in situ combination of the initial polymer with the filler during its synthesis. This makes it possible to significantly simplify the manufacture of products from the tested PC by eliminating the operation of mixing the original components at the preparatory stage of processing, and in accordance with this to reduce their price. The comparative structural and physical-mechanical investigations of PC have been carried out. It has been established that PCs obtained with the use of in situ combination of the aromatic polyamide and silicon dioxide have more ordered structure and higher level of physical and mechanical properties than those of materials obtained by the standard method.
Optimization of Non-Stationary Electric Field Parameters in Order to Increase the Efficiency of Chamber Furnaces
(Національний технічний університет «ХПІ», Харків, 2020) Yerofieieva, Alina A.; Artemchuk, Viktor V.; Mukhina, Nataliya; Karasov, Oleksandr P.
EN: The presented work is devoted to the urgent task of increasing the energy efficiency of chamber furnaces.The purpose is to solve the problem connected with optimizing the parameters of the non-stationary mode of the applied electric field in order to increase the effi-ciency of the chamber furnaces. Methodology. According to well-known methods of experiment planning, we obtained a set of Pareto-incomparable solutions of the chamber furnace, taking into account the voltage between the burner and the metal charge, which is the basis of the algorithm. Findings. The work proposes an innovative system acting the process of metal heating in a chamber furnace. The result is a developed chamber furnace control system, in which the optimal values of control actions at each step of the heating cycle are determined according to the created algorithm. The proposed control system is universal, because after miscalculations it produces the dynamics, accord-ing to which one needs to change the value of direct-current voltage and gas supply with a step in time to perform any given mode of metal heat treatment. The experimental studies conducted on a real chamber furnace with a bogie hearth at Zaporozhye Titanium and Magnesium Combine confirmed this. The analysis of the obtained metal annealing temperature curve showed that the implementation of the optimal values of the control actions, obtained using the developed algorithm, provides a high uniformity and better quality heating of the metal. The dynamics of gas consumption by the chamber furnace during the heating cycle in the basic mode, without voltage supply, and under the condition of its use in accordance with the performed optimization testify to the possibility of significant energy efficiency improvement of the considered furnaces. Conclusions. For the first time we proved the possibility and efficiency of using a non-stationary electric field in the furnace chamber as a control action, which confirms the originality of the obtained results. The practical value of the research is that the developed control algorithm is universal in terms of metal heat treatment and can be used in chamber furnaces of any industrial enterprise, while one heating cycle reduces the consumption of natural gas by more than 10 %.
Phase Composition of Galvanic Iron-Nickel Alloys Obtained Using Pulsed Current
(Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 2021) Ganich, Ruslan F.; Zabludovsky, Volodymyr O.; Artemchuk, Viktor V.; Zelenko, Yuliia V.; Marcul, Ruslan V.
ENG: The paper presents the results of studying the phase composition of iron-nickel alloys obtained by unsteady electrolysis. It was found that the use of a unipolar pulse current leads to a significant increase in the crystallization overvoltage at the crystallization front at the moment of the pulse action, which affects the component composition of the coatings. The phase composition of the alloys formed at the cathode differs from that shown in the iron-nickel equilibrium diagram.
Regulation of Unbalanced Electromagnetic Moment in Mutual Loading Systems of Electric Machines of Traction Rolling Stock and Multiple Unit of Mainline and Industrial Transport
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпропетровськ, 2014) Afanasov, Andriy M.
EN: Purpose. The research data are aimed to identify the regulatory principles of unbalanced electromagnetic moment of mutually loaded electric machines of traction rolling stock and multiple unit of main and industrial transport. The purpose of this study is energy efficiency increase of the testing of traction electric machines of direct and pulse current using the improvement methods of their mutual loading, including the principles of automatic regulation of mutual loading system. Methodology. The general theoretical provisions and principles of system approach to the theoretical electric engineering, the theory of electric machines and theoretical mechanics are the methodological basis of this research. The known methods of analysis of electromagnetic and electromechanical processes in electrical machines of direct and pulse current are used in the study. Methods analysis of loading modes regulation of traction electric machines was conducted using the generalized scheme of mutual loading. It is universal for all known methods to cover the losses of idling using the electric power. Findings. The general management principles of mutual loading modes of the traction electric machines of direct and pulse current by regulating their unbalanced electric magnetic moment were developed. Regulatory options of unbalanced electromagnetic moment are examined by changing the difference of the magnetic fluxes of mutually loaded electric machines, the current difference of electric machines anchors, the difference of the angular velocities of electric machines shafts. Originality. It was obtained the scientific basis development to improve the energy efficiency test methods of traction electric machines of direct and pulse current. The management principles of mutual loading modes of traction electric machines were formulated. For the first time it is introduced the concept and developed the principles of regulation of unbalanced electromagnetic moment in the mutual loading systems of electric machines of direct and pulse current. Analytical expressions for the unbalanced moment of mutually loaded electromagnetic electric machines were obtained. The requirements for automatic regulation systems of the mutual loading stands of the traction electric machines of direct and pulse current are formulated. Practical value. Using the results of the theoretical research will significantly simplify the development algorithms of the test stands management of the traction electric machines of rolling stock for mainline and industrial transport. Introduction of the proposed principles of mutual loading for traction electric machines will significantly reduce the costs for creating new stations and modernization of the existing ones for testing of traction electric machines. Automating the process of refit and acceptance tests of traction electric machines will significantly improve the test quality and reliability of the traction rolling stock and multiple unit with electric traction drive.
Selection of Rational Parameters of the Nominal Mode Electric Trains with Asynchronous Traction Drive
(Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, Дніпро, 2017) Hetman, Hennadii K.; Marikutsa, Serhii L.
EN: Purpose. Parameters of the nominal mode are related to the most important performance indicators of traction means, therefore, the problems of choosing their optimal values always inevitably arise when forming technical requirements for a new rolling stock. The paper describes the features of solving the above-mentioned problems for electric trains with an asynchronous traction drive in the case of two-zone and three-zone frequency control of power. Methodology. Power of nominal mode of the rolling stock should be chosen in such a way that it would be possible to realize a predetermined travel time along in the section or the movement speed. On that basis, and also taking into account the fact that the important operational characteristics of electric trains include the acceleration value during the start-up and acceleration at the design speed, we will formulate the problem of determining the nominal power. In the task for a given range of traction, it is necessary to find such a value of the nominal mode power and the corresponding force value to ensure the ability to carry out transportations with the given level of average speed with minimal energy consumption for traction. At the same time, it is necessary to fulfill the following conditions: a) the speed of the electric train on the section does not exceed the established limits; b) it is possible to realize the given values of accelerations. A more detailed consideration of the problem shows that in real conditions, when the starting acceleration and the mass of the train are given, the problem of determining electric train power is practically reduced to determining the optimal value of the nominal mode speed. Findings. The task of choosing the optimal values of the nominal mode speed is solved by determining the electric power consumption with the variation of the possible values of starting speed. Therefore, only those values that ensure the implementation of the given starting and residual accelerations should be taken into account. The work shows that the traction force value increases with the design speed increase and other equal conditions, if the starting speed is increased. Originality. Authors developed the methodology for determining the optimal values of the nominal mode parameters of electric trains with an asynchronous traction drive, with two-zone and three-zone frequency power regulation. Practical value. The above mentioned methodology can be the basis when forming technical requirements for new rolling stock for Ukraine’s railways.
Structure of Iron-Nickel Coatings Obtained by Using Pulse Current
(Прикарпатський національний університет імені Василя Стефаника, Івано-Франківськ, 2019) Ganich, Ruslan Ph.; Zabludovsky, Volodymyr O.; Artemchuk, Viktor V.
EN: The paper presents the research results concerning the structure of iron-nickel alloy films obtained with pulse unipolar current from an electrolyte solution. It is shown that under the conditions of unsteady electrocrystallization there are processes on the cathode that lead to the formation of highly nonequilibrium structures and the change in the growth nature of the coating from columnar to layer-by-layer one.
Studying of the Power Modes in the Traction Line for Ensuring the High-Speed Traffic
(SPC PC «Technology Center», Kharkiv, 2018) Hubskyi, Petro V.; Kuznetsov, Valeriy; Drubetskiy, Anton Ye.; Afanasov, Andriy M.; Pulin, Mykola M.
EN: The object of research is the power regimes in traction power systems for both centralized and distributed power when introducing high-speed traffic. The introduction of high-speed traffic on electrified railways of Ukraine has begun a number of restrictions in the applied system of traction power supply of centralized power supply. These include not only the impossibility of providing the necessary voltage level of 2.9 kV, but also the low efficiency of the aggregate power of traction substations. In this case, the applied traction power system does not allow to provide the necessary level of specific power in the traction network. Applicable technical means and measures to strengthen the traction network do not allow, in most cases, to provide regulatory requirements for the organization of highspeed traffic. An analysis of modern research shows that overcoming these disadvantages is possible due to the application of a distributed power supply system to the traction network. To date, sufficient options have been developed for constructing such systems, but in this paper, as an alternative, a system was considered with the distribution of the aggregate power available in the system of centralized power in the inter-substation zone. At the same time it was reasonable to reduce the power of the traction substation to the level of 10 MW. During the study of power regimes in comparable traction power systems, the results of experimental studies and simulation modeling of the operating modes of the comparable systems were used. Calculations were taken into account not only the specifics of the traction load, but also its impact on the load capacity of the contact suspension. As a result of this approach, it has been shown that the distributed traction power system allows to fulfill the regulatory requirements for providing high-speed traffic. With its application, the consumption of electric energy for traction of trains is reduced by 40 %, the specific power of traction network increases by 90 %, and the load factor of traction substations – by 60 %. The proposed innovative approach to providing the necessary power mode in the traction line for the organization of high-speed traffic allows to preserve the existing infrastructure on existing electrified section of direct current. This approach allows the application of various types of electric rolling stock and provides the required capacity of the railways.
Systems Mutual Loadings of Traction Asynchronous Cars
(Dnipro National University of Railway Transport named after Academician V. Lazaryan, 2019) Afanasov, Andriy M.; Shapovalov, Oleksandr S.; Voitenko, Maryna V.
EN: Abstract. The review of methods of post-repair tests of traction asynchronous motors under conditions of locomotive depot is carried out.The necessity of introducing special stands for post-repair tests is shown in order to improve their quality, reduce the number of failures of service equipment, improve safety of the railway transport. Let's consider a question of power supply of the research asynchronous engine in wide frequency range and also a possibility of creation of the universal stand for testing important asynchronous engines of the electrorolling stock. Survey of possible versions of the scheme mutual loadings of asynchronous electrical machines which can be used for testing traction asynchronous engines of the rolling stock is executed. Such systems can be constructed both with use of the static converter of frequency, and without it. The given short characteristic of each alternative, certain advantages and shortcomings of each of system options. It is shown that systems with use of static converters of frequency differ in high power efficiency, allow to carry out tests in the wide frequency range of power supply, however have higher prime cost. Schemes without converters of frequency differ in smaller power efficiency, impossibility to carry out tests in the wide range of frequency of power supply, high level of consumption of reactive power . The results of the carried-out analysis can be used when choosing rational option of a system mutual loadings of asynchronous electric motors which will differ in higher functionality and power efficiency. Use of such systems will allow to lower capital expenditure for creation new and modernization of traction electrical machines that exist at the station for test.
The Vehicle Controlling Near the Screening Surface Using Thrust Vector Deflection of the Electric Motor with Gimbal Mounted Propeller
(Magnolithe GmbH, Sankt Lorenzen, 2017) Kravets, Viktor V.; Kravets, Vladimir V.; Artemchuk, Viktor V.
EN: The controlled spatial motion of the combined vehicle near the screening surface is considered. A propeller motor in a gimbal mount forms control forces and moments. The gimbal mount scheme can be defined on a finite set of successive three independent turns with recurrence, which is represented by 96 variants. The constructive scheme of the gimbal mount of propeller electric motor is proposed, which provides control of combined vehicle in the three main modes: Lifting force (helicopter scheme); Traction mode (aircraft scheme); Lateral traction (course control). The rotative axis of the propeller is combined in coincidence with rotor axis of electric motor determining the first turning of the gimbal mount. The electric motor’s stator is located on the inner ring of the gimbal and its rotation axis determines the second finite turn. The turning axis of the outer race of the gimbal relatively the case of the combined vehicle defines the third finite turning movement. This constructive solving of the gimbal mount provides the combined control of thrust vector in wide range of finite turning angles. Basis of movable Cartesian coordinate system is coincides with the rotation axes intersection point. For the entered reference systems and the accepted sequence of finite independent turning movements matrixes of the forward and inverse transform of coordinates in the form of quaternion matrixes are formed. In the form of quaternion matrices, depending on the angle of the thrust vector and the arrangement of the gimbal mount, the driving forces and moments in the reference frame that is associated with the vehicle are determined.
Автоматизированный измерительный комплекс для проведения приемо-сдаточных испытаний тяговых электродвигателей постоянного и пульсирующего тока
(Днепропетровский национальный университет железнодорожного транспорта имени академика В. Лазаряна, Днипро, 2016) Друбецкий, Антон Ефимович
RU: Цель. В работе необходимо: 1) ознакомить читателя с современной классификацией средств измерения и диагностики, с проблемами автоматизации измерений основных параметров при выполнении программы квалификационных испытаний тяговых электродвигателей; 2) дать рекомендации по повышению точности измерений, снижению трудоёмкости работ для проведения измерений, снижению требований к квалификации обслуживающего персонала; 3) представить практическую реализацию измерительного комплекса, построенного на основании рекомендаций, изложенных в статье. Методика. Приведена классификация средств измерения и диагностики. Рассмотрен перечень оборудования, которое может использоваться в измерительных комплексах, а также варианты стороннего измерительного комплекса и измерительного комплекса, использующего систему управления стендом. Предложены их функциональные схемы. Сопоставлены достоинства и недостатки данных схем для составления рекомендаций по областям их оптимального применения. Результаты. Проанализировав функциональные схемы измерительных комплексов, было установлено, что использование микроконтроллера системы управления в качестве измерительного комплекса целесообразно в случае, если измерения носят, в основном, функцию контроля над процессом испытаний. Использование стороннего измерительного комплекса более целесообразно в тех случаях, когда требуется: исключить зависимость от системы управления стендом, обеспечить высокую мобильность, а также снизить требования к квалификации обслуживающего персонала. Научная новизна. Автором произведен краткий обзор средств измерения. Разработаны функциональные схемы измерительных комплексов, использующих систему управления стендом и стороннего измерительного комплекса, предложены критерии для оценки их оптимального применения. Практическая значимость. На основе предложенной функциональной схемы был собран измерительный комплекс на базе аппаратного и программного обеспечения компании National Instruments. В качестве первичных преобразователей для измерений токов и напряжений были использованы датчики фирмы LEM. Благодаря компактным размерам шасси, его удалось объединить в одном корпусе с блоком питания для датчиков. Таким образом, удалось уменьшить габариты всего комплекса, упростить и ускорить его подготовку к измерениям.

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